Quantitative Traits Loci Associated with Biotic and Abiotic Resistance in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Maize is an essential crop rank first, cultivated all over the world. being consumed by both humans and animals inspite that it utilized as industrial product viz., starch, pharmaceuticals, alcoholic beverages, oil, cosmetics, textiles, etc. In ancient times, landraces were more popular due to presence of genetic variability, resistant biotic abiotic factors have heterogeneous nature. But continuous use uniform cultivars, replaced higher yielder. Modern maize has homogeneity which vulnerable any dangerous pathogen strain. current era molecular markers, DNA markers play important role identify diverse germplasm/cultivars. To evaluate diversity maize, several mapping populations are developed used for QTL mapping. Linkage was first in 1990s still common now along with genome-wide association Association been preferred conserved historical linkage disequilibrium elimination construction a bi-parental population. this review, we focused, how much work on genome done what prospect